简易版配置文件管理实现

易雾君
发布于 2022-01-19 / 777 阅读
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简易版配置文件管理实现

导读

配置、证书、密钥文件这类经常会涉及到变更,如果每次都到登录到目标服务器进行操作,要是量特别大,着实不美丽,那这里小易给大家伙带来一个简易的实现方案,供各位参考。

需求分析

配置、密钥文件往往存储了比较机密的信息,安全性要保证它不被轻易的泄漏,第一首要条件必须加认证,标题都说了简易版,那直接上个基本认证够用了,在加上传输层的安全性,那就基本认证配合https足够。那么咱们再抛一个问题,用一个账号进行访问所有的文件?显然安全风险还是太高,毕竟,为了便于记忆,咱们有几个是把文件名设置成随机码的对吧,所以还得细划下访问控制,暂定一个账号访问一小批指定的文件吧,咱可以这样定义,某一台机器的所有相关变更的文件给它一个账号统一访问。具体到某台机器上咱就设置个定时任务,拿着这个账号下载对应的文件与原文件做比对,有变更就替换之。

概要设计

咱再来捋一捋,涉及文件变更,得有文件管理吧,涉及多账号,得有账号管理吧,具体某个账号还不能访问它不该访问,那给它设置个访问清单得有吧,所以,思路明晰了。

文件管理

  • 文件上传,通过Web页面,或者直接API调用,上传限制大小,后缀名白名单,防止上传至任意目录破坏系统文件
  • 文件下载,提供一个接口供消费客户端获取配置文件
  • 文件删除,暂不考虑

账号管理

  • 用户新建,用户已存在的,忽略操作
  • 认证凭证保护,密码不能明文存放,这里仅用于账号认证,采用单向hash
  • 用户删除,暂不考虑

访问控制

  • 设置两个角色,一个管理员,若干个普通用户,管理员可可进行文件上传、账号管理及设置访问清单,普通用户仅能访问该访问的文件
  • 提供一个接口,供管理员设置普通用户的文件访问清单

代码实现

服务端

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Project : tools
# @File : conf_server.py
# @Software: PyCharm
# @Author : 易雾君
# @Email : [email protected]
# @公众号 : 易雾山庄
# @Site : https://www.evling.tech
# @Describe : 家庭基建,生活乐享. 
# @Time : 2022/1/17 9:38 PM
import json
import os
from flask import Flask, flash, request, redirect, url_for, send_from_directory, jsonify
from flask_httpauth import HTTPBasicAuth
from werkzeug.utils import secure_filename
from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash, check_password_hash

UPLOAD_FOLDER = './uploads'
DATA_JSON = './data.json'
ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS = {'txt', 'conf', 'sh', 'crt', 'key', 'json'}

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'] = UPLOAD_FOLDER
app.config['MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH'] = 16 * 1000 * 1000     # 限制文件大小为 16M
app.add_url_rule(
    "/uploads/<name>", endpoint="download_file", build_only=True
)
auth = HTTPBasicAuth()


users = {
    'admin': {
        'password': generate_password_hash('admin'),
        'privileged': True,
        'files': []
    },
}

def save_data():
    with open(DATA_JSON, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        json.dump(users, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)
        f.close()

if not os.path.exists(UPLOAD_FOLDER):
    os.mkdir(UPLOAD_FOLDER)

if os.path.exists(DATA_JSON):
    with open(DATA_JSON, 'r') as f:
        users = json.load(f)
        f.close()
else:
    save_data()

def is_admin(username):
    return users.get(username).get('privileged')

def can_access(username, filename):
    return True if filename in users.get(username).get('files') else False

def allowed_file(filename):
    return '.' in filename and filename.rsplit('.', 1)[1].lower() in ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS

@auth.verify_password
def verify_password(username, password):
    if username in users and check_password_hash(users.get(username).get('password'), password):
        return username

@app.route('/users/add', methods=['POST'])
@auth.login_required
def add_user():
    if not is_admin(auth.current_user()):
        return jsonify({'msg': 'You can not access this page!'})
    if request.method == 'POST':
        username = request.form['username']
        password = request.form['password']
        if username not in users:
            users[username] = {'password': generate_password_hash(password), 'privileged': False, 'files': []}
            save_data()
            return jsonify({'msg': 'Add user succ'})
        else:
            return jsonify({'msg': 'User: {} may be exist'.format(username)})

@app.route('/users/passwd', methods=['POST'])
@auth.login_required
def passwd():
    if not is_admin(auth.current_user()):
        return jsonify({'msg': 'You can not access this page!'})
    if request.method == 'POST':
        username = request.form['username']
        password = request.form['password']
        if username in users:
            users[username]['password'] = generate_password_hash(password)
            save_data()
            return jsonify({'msg': 'Change {}\'s password succ'.format(username)})
        else:
            return jsonify({'msg': 'User: {} not exist!'.format(username)})

@app.route('/users/authorize', methods=['POST'])
@auth.login_required
def authorize():
    if not is_admin(auth.current_user()):
        return jsonify({'msg': 'You can not access this page!'})
    if request.method == 'POST':
        data = request.get_json()
        username = data['username']
        files = data['files']
        if username in users:
            succ_list = []
            fail_list = []
            for file in files:
                if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(UPLOAD_FOLDER, file)):
                    fail_list.append(file)
                else:
                    succ_list.append(file)
            if succ_list != []:
                for file in succ_list:
                    if file not in users[username]['files']:
                        users[username]['files'].append(file)
                save_data()
                return jsonify({'msg': 'authorize {} succ'.format(username), 'succ_list': succ_list, 'fail_list': fail_list})
            else:
                return jsonify({'msg': 'No file authorized to {}'.format(username), 'succ_list': succ_list, 'fail_list': fail_list})
        else:
            return jsonify({'msg': 'User: {} not exist!'.format(username)})

@app.route('/uploads/<path:filename>', methods=['GET'])
@auth.login_required
def download_file(filename):
    if can_access(auth.current_user(), filename):
        return send_from_directory(app.config["UPLOAD_FOLDER"], filename)
    else:
        return jsonify({'msg': 'You can not do this operate!'})

@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
@auth.login_required
def upload_file():
    if not is_admin(auth.current_user()):
        return jsonify({'msg': 'You can not access this page!'})
    if request.method == 'POST':
        # check if the post request has the file part
        if 'file' not in request.files:
            flash('No file part')
            return redirect(request.url)
        file = request.files['file']
        # If the user does not select a file, the browser submits an
        # empty file without a filename.
        if file.filename == '':
            flash('No selected file')
            return redirect(request.url)
        if file and allowed_file(file.filename):
            filename = secure_filename(file.filename)
            file.save(os.path.join(app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'], filename))
            return redirect(url_for('download_file', name=filename))
    return '''
    <!doctype html>
    <title>Upload new File</title>
    <h1>Upload new File</h1>
    <form method=post enctype=multipart/form-data>
      <input type=file name=file>
      <input type=submit value=Upload>
    </form>
    '''


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(port=5001)

API梳理

  • /users/add
# 新建用户,仅管理员有权限访问
auth=('admin', 'admin')	# 默认密码为admin
res = requests.post(url=base_url + "users/add", data={'username': 'your_username', 'password': 'your_password'}, auth=auth)
print(res.status_code)
print(res.json())
  • /users/passwd
# 修改用户密码,仅管理员有权限访问
auth=('admin', 'admin')	# 默认密码为admin
res=requests.post(url=base_url+"users/passwd",data=post_data,auth=auth)
print(res.status_code)
print(res.json())
  • /users/authorize
# 授权文件访问,仅管理员有权限访问
auth=('admin', 'admin')	# 默认密码为admin
res = requests.post(url=base_url + "users/authorize", json={'username': 'your_username', 'files': 'your_files_list'}, auth=auth)
print(res.status_code)
print(res.json())
  • /
# 文件上传,仅管理员有权限访问
auth=('admin', 'admin')	# 默认密码为admin
res = requests.post(base_url, files={'file': open('example.txt', 'rb')} ,auth=auth)
print(res.content)
# 文件下载,仅普通用户有权限访问
auth=('admin', 'admin')	# 默认密码为admin
res = requests.get(base_url + "uploads/example.txt", auth=auth)
with open('example_local.txt', 'w') as f:
	f.write(res.content)
	f.close()

运维端维护示例脚本

假定服务端部署的地址为 https://conf.evling.tech,在客户端脚本所在目录创建一个目录./local_data,指定好相应的文件名,与脚本中的账号文件映射信息要匹配,如下图所示,主要是第一比较麻烦,后边更新就直接在本地当前目录结构进行变更即可,因为上传接口是通过覆盖的方式替换服务端文件的。

Screen Shot 20220119 at 10.44.44 PM.png

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Project : tools
# @File : conf_mgr.py
# @Software: PyCharm
# @Author : 易雾君
# @Email : [email protected]
# @公众号 : 易雾山庄
# @Site : https://www.evling.tech
# @Describe : 家庭基建,生活乐享. 
# @Time : 2022/1/18 8:29 PM
import os.path

import requests

# 初始化数据,一组账号密码授权访问文件列表里的文件
data = [
    {'username': 'www', 'password': '37KC8N4', 'files': ['www.evling.tech.pem', 'www.evling.tech.key']},
    {'username': 'pve-lab', 'password': '6JASVTM', 'files': ['pve-lab.evling.tech.pem', 'pve-lab.evling.tech.key']},
    {'username': 'conf', 'password': 'etePT1A', 'files': ['conf.evling.tech.pem', 'conf.evling.tech.key']},
    {'username': 'ivre', 'password': 'Ta9qF21', 'files': ['ivre.evling.tech.pem', 'ivre.evling.tech.key']},
    {'username': 'dataease', 'password': '83k87', 'files': ['dataease.evling.tech.pem', 'dataease.evling.tech.key']},
    {'username': 'grafana', 'password': 'vdF92m', 'files': ['grafana.evling.tech.pem', 'grafana.evling.tech.key']},
    {'username': 'proxypool', 'password': '654P7', 'files': ['proxypool.evling.tech.pem', 'proxypool.evling.tech.key']},
    {'username': 'pve-nas', 'password': 'bi14D7', 'files': ['pve-nas.evling.tech.pem', 'pve-nas.evling.tech.key']},
    {'username': 'jellyfin', 'password': 'R1JFcb', 'files': ['jellyfin.evling.tech.pem', 'jellyfin.evling.tech.key']},
    {'username': 'onlyoffice', 'password': 'HnU6', 'files': ['onlyoffice.evling.tech.pem', 'onlyoffice.evling.tech.key']},
    {'username': 'vnet', 'password': '7kEWLx5', 'files': ['vnet.evling.tech.pem', 'vnet.evling.tech.key']},
    {'username': 'elk', 'password': 'Hn4z83', 'files': ['elk.evling.tech.pem', 'elk.evling.tech.key']},
    {'username': 'static', 'password': 'PU35UG', 'files': ['static.evling.tech.pem', 'static.evling.tech.key']},
    {'username': 'gitlab', 'password': 'Q2v7cZ', 'files': ['gitlab.evling.tech.pem', 'gitlab.evling.tech.key']},
    {'username': 'kodbox', 'password': 'Gu2R3e', 'files': ['kodbox.evling.tech.pem', 'kodbox.evling.tech.key']},
    {'username': 'cloud', 'password': '6zj4ST', 'files': ['cloud.evling.tech.pem', 'cloud.evling.tech.key']},
    {'username': 'wechat', 'password': 'eUXt', 'files': ['wechat.evling.tech.pem', 'wechat.evling.tech.key']},
    {'username': 'pve-prod', 'password': '4VZTQG', 'files': ['pve-prod.evling.tech.pem', 'pve-prod.evling.tech.key']},
    {'username': 'ichat', 'password': '3S655', 'files': ['ichat.evling.tech.pem', 'ichat.evling.tech.key']},
    {'username': 'crawlab', 'password': 'r125SG', 'files': ['crawlab.evling.tech.pem', 'crawlab.evling.tech.key']},
    {'username': 'jms', 'password': 'scMmP8', 'files': ['jms.evling.tech.pem', 'jms.evling.tech.key']},
]

# 基础变量
local_dir = './local_data'
base_url='https://conf.evling.tech/'
auth=('admin', 'your_admin_password')

for each_item in data:
    # 上传文件
    for file in each_item['files']:
        res = requests.post(base_url, files={'file': open(os.path.join(local_dir, file), 'rb')} ,auth=auth)
        print(res.content)
    # 新建用户
    res = requests.post(url=base_url + "users/add", data={'username': each_item['username'], 'password': each_item['password']}, auth=auth)
    print(res.status_code)
    print(res.json())
    # 授权文件访问
    res = requests.post(url=base_url + "users/authorize", json={'username': each_item['username'], 'files': each_item['files']}, auth=auth)
    print(res.status_code)
    print(res.json())

消费客户端

消费客户端直接拿到上边给定的账号进行无脑下载即可,实现思路是,crontab定时任务,将服务端的指定文件下载到本地的一个临时文件路径,用diff比对原文件与临时文件,不同即进行文件权限拷贝,并替换。wget命令中记得密码改成你自己的,访问密码不建议以bash传参的形式,示例脚本:

#!/bin/bash
# ScriptName: conf_client.sh

echo "usage: -$0 file1 file2 url"
file1=$1
file2=$2
url=$3

wget --user=www --password=pzgE8e $url --no-check-certificate -O $file2

if [ -f $file1 ] && [ -f $file2 ]; then
  diff $file1 $file2 > /dev/null
  if [ $? != 0 ]; then
    echo "Different!"
	  chmod --reference=$file1 $file2
    mv $file2 $file1
  else
    echo "Same!"
  fi
else
  echo "$file1 or $file2 does not exist, please check filename."
fi

crontab 配置任务

# 每天中午12点同步一下
0 12 * * *      /bin/bash/bash /data/tools/conf_client.sh /etc/letsencrypt/certs/www.evling.tech.pem /tmp/www.evling.tech.pem https://conf.evling.tech/uploads/www.evling.tech.pem

下期

  • 基于openldap实现账号统一管理

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